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Crowding into the behavioral sink

gangsolute23 — Sun, 18 Mar 2012 20:43:53 CDT

By Min and David

Topic: Crowding into the behavioral sink

Theoretical Propositions: Calhoun wanted to explore the effects of high density on social behavior. To study his theory, he used rats. He believed rats that lived in low density(paradise) will result much greater mortality rate than rats that lived in high density place. He already knew that density effect people’s behavior and he did experiments to find out why.

Method: 32 or 56 rats were placed in a 10-by-14-foot laboratory which was divided into four sections with pen. Pen 1 and 4 was the end fence. If rats wanted to go to pen 1 from pen 4 or either way, rats had to go across pen 2 and 3. There were 12 rats per room. The observations went on for 16 month until normal density population went up to 80.

Visual Overview of Method:
Crowding into the behavioral sink - The Neuron

Results: Density of the rats was not extreme. However, male rats began fighting when they reached certain maturity. Therefore, the strongest rat gained most of space with 8 to 12 female rats. Life for most of the rats in these end-pens was relatively normal and reproductive behavior was successful.
Aggression: Unlike the natural environment, the strongest rat was forced to fight continuously in order to maintain its position.
Submissiveness: There was groups of rats, that ignored and avoided battles for the dominance. These group of rats was the most healthy looking rats. They were fat and had lots of fur. However, they were ignored by other group of rats and not even sexually active. Another groups of rats engaged in extreme activities called probers. Most of them were dominant males. They were hypersexual and even became cannibalistic.
Sexual Deviance: Probers was sexual active and most of times, they did not wait for female to agree. Probers also turned cannibalistic. Another group of male rats was termed the pansexuals. They mated with lots of female rats indiscriminately.
Reproductive abnormalities: The female rats which was in the behavioral sink, gradually lost their ability of building a nest.

The mother rats also lost their maternal ability to transport their young from one place to another when they were presence of danger.

Discussion & Related Research
The fact is that people do not discuss about this very often. Even Calhoun did not come up with a conclusion about this because the result itself explains everything. However, he did comment on one clear result: that the natural social and survival behaviors of the rats were severely altered by the stresses associated with living in a high-population density environment. Also he said after improving the methods and the interpretations it might catch up our understandings of similar issues facing human beings.

Criticisms
When experimenting human as everyone knows the researchers must be really causcious about that. There was a reinterpretation in New York City analysing what Colhoun did. They analyzed every single thing about the rats. However, they couldn't find any significance between aggressive, pycological, and so on. Experimenters are still trying to relate this experiment to humans today.

Recent Applications
An article by Torrey and Yolken (1998) Incorporated Calhoun's study in exmaining the association between growing up in crowded condiions and the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Many studies have found that people who are raised in high-density urban environment are at the increased risk for these psychological disoders later in life.

Other related terms & concepts
Social Loafing

External Websites
Sociatin Today

Panic Disorder

zucro — Sat, 03 Sep 2011 19:35:56 CDT

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Term: Panic Disorder
Definition (Myers): an anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Definition (alternative): Panic disorder is a condition in which a person feels sudden over-whelming fright, usually without any reasonable cause. A panic attack is generally accompanied by physical symptoms, such as a pounding heart, sweating, and rapid breathing. A person with panic disorder may have repeated panic attacks and feel constant fear as to when the next attack will occur. http://panicattackrecovery.com
Contextual explanation: The symptoms of a panic attack might include racing heartbeats, chest pains, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, fear of dying ,and etc. They last for several minutes, and is considered as one of the most suffering conditions a person can experience in their lives. These symptoms are very close to a heart attack. Once a person experiences a panic attack, it is more likely that they will experience repeated attacks after. It might result from physical and emotional cause or even an anxiety about another attack. The anxiety of having another attack will lead a person to have a panic disorder. Panic disorders can lead to drug abuses to calm oneself down. Panic disorder is a serious health problem. In children, it can lead to substance abuse, depression, and even consideration of suicides. It is a major problem because panic attacks can happen anywhere; even when one is driving.

Related terms and concepts: Anxiety Disorders Phobia

Related websites: CPR: Panic Disorder Studies Phobias & Panic Disorder Study Links Panic Disorder With Increased Risk of HeartDisease Panic attacks linked to higher risk of heart attacks and heart disease, especially in younger people Help with Panic Attacks
Edited by: Stacy

Term: Panic Disorder

Definition (Myers): an anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Definition (alternative): Panic disorder is a condition in which a person feels sudden over-whelming fright, usually without any reasonable cause. A panic attack is generally accompanied by physical symptoms, such as a pounding heart, sweating, and rapid breathing. A person with panic disorder may have repeated panic attacks and feel constant fear as to when the next attack will occur. http://panicattackrecovery.com

Contextual explanation:
The symptoms of a panic attack might include racing heartbeats, chest pains, dizziness, nausea, difficulty breathing, fear of dying ,and etc. They last for several minutes, and is considered as one of the most suffering conditions a person can experience in their lives. These symptoms are very close to a heart attack. Once a person experiences a panic attack, it is more likely that they will experience repeated attacks after. It might result from physical and emotional cause or even an anxiety about another attack. The anxiety of having another attack will lead a person to have a panic disorder. Panic disorders can lead to drug abuses to calm oneself down. Panic disorder is a serious health problem. In children, it can lead to substance abuse, depression, and even consideration of suicides. It is a major problem because panic attacks can happen anywhere; even when one is driving.

Related terms and concepts:
Anxiety Disorders
Phobia

Edited by: Stacy

2009-2019 - D Block Elaine

elainel — Sun, 30 May 2010 10:17:53 CDT

Elaine

Wetpaint Username: elainel

What I've done to make The Neuron awesome:

Spacing Effect
Kinesthesis
Motor Cortex
Fovea
Arousal Theory
Storage
Psych Song: Last Resort - Papa Roach (Psych Song)
Psych Song: Schizophrenia - Sonic Youth (Psych Song)
Psych Song: Rehab - Rihanna (Pysch Song)
Psychology gets it right: Shutter Island (Psych Goes to Hollywood and gets it right)
Psychology gets it right: Awake (Psych Goes to Hollywood and gets it right)
Psychology gets it right: Friends (Psych Goes to Hollywood and gets it right)
Added more information to Psych M.D. - Hallucinogens

Everything in orange is edited/edited by Elaine.
Added extra information
Added images
Deleted no longer existing video and added videos.

Psych M.D. – Hallucinogens

elainel — Sun, 30 May 2010 10:13:51 CDT

Term: Hallucinogens
Definition (Myers): Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
Definition (alternative): A drug that causes hallucinations (profound distortions in a person's perceptions of reality). Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. Source They do not necessarily speed up or slow down body reactions. However, they do cause changes in perceptions of reality. Sensory hallucinations, loss of identity, and vivid fantasies are examples.
Contextual explanation: Hallucinogens are a type of psychoactive drugs that distort perceptions and evoke vivid images in the absence of sensory input. Some are natural substances, such as marijuana. Others are synthetic, the best known of which are LSD and MDMA (Ecstasy). Drugs do their work at the brain's synapses, in this case by mimicking the activity of neurotransmitters. Other common hallucinogens include peyote, psilocybin mushrooms, and MARIJUANA. A notable feature of this psychoactive drug is its persistence. The effect of body could remain for weeks. Sometimes hallucinogens cause reverse tolerance which is when the second dose of drugs is less than the first but cause the same or greater effect. Effects of hallucinogens are not very predictable unlike stimulants or depressants.
(Marijuana) http://www.turningpointcenters.com/drug/marijuana.htm http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/addiction-2b.jpg
Related terms and concepts: Everybody Say No to LSD Everybody Say No to PCP Everybody Say No to Marijuana Everybody Say No to Ecstasy Psychoactive drugs Hallucination

Related websites: http://www.sayno.com/hallucin.html http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/293752-overview www.health.nsw.gov.au/pubs/2006/pdf/hallucinogens.pdf http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/hallucinogens.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_j_qhPSwmz4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MbMfUVJMtw&feature=related
Edited by: Patrick (Edited by Elaine)

Term: Hallucinogens

Definition (Myers): Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Definition (alternative): A drug that causes hallucinations (profound distortions in a person's perceptions of reality). Under the influence of hallucinogens, people see images, hear sounds, and feel sensations that seem real but do not exist. Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings. Source
They do not necessarily speed up or slow down body reactions. However, they do cause changes in perceptions of reality. Sensory hallucinations, loss of identity, and vivid fantasies are examples.

Contextual explanation: Hallucinogens are a type of psychoactive drugs that distort perceptions and evoke vivid images in the absence of sensory input. Some are natural substances, such as marijuana. Others are synthetic, the best known of which are LSD and MDMA (Ecstasy).

Drugs do their work at the brain's synapses, in this case by mimicking the activity of neurotransmitters.
Other common hallucinogens include peyote, psilocybin mushrooms, and MARIJUANA. A notable feature of this psychoactive drug is its persistence. The effect of body could remain for weeks. Sometimes hallucinogens cause reverse tolerance which is when the second dose of drugs is less than the first but cause the same or greater effect. Effects of hallucinogens are not very predictable unlike stimulants or depressants.

(Marijuana)
http://www.turningpointcenters.com/drug/marijuana.htm

http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/addiction-2b.jpg

Related terms and concepts:

Related websites:

Edited by: Patrick (Edited by Elaine)

Psych in Songs

msbock10 — Thu, 27 May 2010 21:04:14 CDT

As you learn more and more psychology, you may notice that many musicians make reference to psychology in their songs. Now you can turn your pop culture knowledge into extra credit! If you hear some sort of psychological information in a song, post it here. Just provide the following information to earn a few extra homework points:

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT THE SONGS AND LYRICS ARE SCHOOL APPROPRIATE and that the song uses more than one word that may be related to psychology. Thanks!

Add the Artist and Song to the list below (in alphabetical order by artist)
Create a new page which is named the same as the Artist and Song
Put the following on the new page:

Song Title
Artist
Booster Widget with the Song
Key Lyrics
Psychological Explanation
Your First Name
Add tags related to you song (Psych in Songs, Chapter ??, etc.)

Add a link to your newly created page on your student home page.

Psych in Songs

Aaliyah:Journey To The Past
ABBA: Me and I
Beyonce; Deja Vu
Beyonce - Me, Myself, and I
Britney Spears: Circus
Celine Dion: It's All Coming Back To Me Now
Corinne Bailey Rae-Trouble Sleeping
Craig David: Insomnia
Death Cab for Cuite: A Lack of Color
Fergie-Big Girls Don't Cry
Gary Jules: Mad World
Hilary Duff:I Am
Jason Mraz: Did You Get My Message?
Jason Mraz: Clockwatching
Jay Sean - Do You Remember
Jennifer Lopez - Brave
Jessie Jaymes: I Look So Good Without You
Katy Perry; Hot n' Cold
Ke$ha - Your Love Is My Drug
KT Tunstalll-Suddenly I see
Lil Wayne - I feel like Dying
Mario Winans - I don't wanna know
Megadeath-Insomnia
Michael Jackson- Heal the World
Michael Jackson- Remember the Time
Michael Jackson- The Girl Is Mine
Michael Jackson- Scream
Michael Jackson- The Way You Make Me Feel
Monty Python; Always Look on the Bright Side of Life
Motion City Soundtrack: Everything Is Alright
Panic At The Disco!: There's A Good Reason These Tables Are Numbered Honey, You Just Haven't Thought Of It Yet
Peter Bjorn and John: Detects On My Affection
Peter Gabriel: We Do What We're Told (Milgram's 37)
Pink Floyd: Comfortably Numb
Placebo - Meds
Priscilla Ahn: Wallflower
Queen; Don't Stop Me Now
Sara Bareilles: One Sweet Love
SheDaisy: Lucky 4 you
Superchick - Courage
The Script; The Man Who Can't Be Moved
The Tubes - I Want It All Now
So Sick - Neyo
Black Eyed Peas - Where is the Love
Will.I.Am.-I got it from my mama
The Beatles - Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
Usher - You Remind Me
MGMT- It's Working
Sonic youth - Schizophrenia
Papa Roach - Last Resort
Madonna - 4 Minutes
Bill Withers - Lean on Me
Rehab - Rihanna

Rehab - Rihanna

elainel — Wed, 26 May 2010 10:05:11 CDT

Title: Rehab
Artist: Rihanna
SOng

Madonna- 4 Minutes

susanpark28 — Wed, 26 May 2010 10:02:22 CDT

Title: 4 Minutes to Save the World
Artist: Madonna

Bill Withers - Lean on Me

susanpark28 — Wed, 26 May 2010 10:02:03 CDT

TITLE: LEAN ON ME
ARTIST: BILL WITHERS

Hollywood Gets It Right!

Megansong — Wed, 26 May 2010 09:52:53 CDT

If you find a TV show or movie that actually used correct psychological information, tell us about it here. Just provide the following information to earn a few extra homework points:

The name of the movie/show (date of release would be great, too).
What psychological information did they use.
A reliable source that confirms that the information was correct.
Your first name (so we know who posted it).

TV show: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (released 2008)
www.schizophrenia.com/

Yunjin

Name: Identity
Release Date : 2003

In this film, the story narrates about two people who are diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, a from of an autism disorder. They start to participate in small help groups for people with autism spectrum, portraying it quite realistically. However, although the movie illustrated the spectrum efficiently they were also criticized for sustaining the incorrect stereotype that people who have this disorder have special skills.

A Reliable Source : http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/asd.cfm
Yunjin

Lars and the Real Girl (2007) SPOILER ALERT
The movie deals with a man named Lars who suffers under social anxiety disorder.
Whenever other people touch him, Lars tends to show signs of a Panic Attack and his difficulty to socialize serves as a problem throughout his life. In order to counter this problem, Lars begins to have delusions that a plastic doll that he had bought online was real. 'Bianca' was a perfect partner who was not dangerous to him and through her, Lars learns to socialize with other people. The therapist that he meets also uses psychotherapy and encourages the society to accept Bianca for Lars's sake. As Lars becomes able to connect with others, Bianca's health begins to worsen.
Sources
http://psychcentral.com/disorders/sx11t.htm
http://www.socialanxietyinstitute.org/dsm.html
Eungi

Name of the movie: The Soloist
Release Date: 2009

What Psychology Information do they use?
This surrealist movie has three segments to it, and the second one, Merde, is about a man living inside of the Tokyo sewers. He is suffers from a phobia called Agoraphobia, where he fears public places and open spaces. Merde continuously has panic attacks and arises fears of places where he cannot escape. Thus, he dwells attack on locals in terrifying ways where he is always anxious and paranoid.

Reliable Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agoraphobia
by Yunjin

Name of the movie: Finding Nemo

What psychological information did they use.
Post Traumatic Stress disorder-
Charlie Fineman (Adam Sandler) sees faces of his lost daughters in faces of other girls, sees his poodle dog in a German Shepard. Afraid of people or things that reminds him of the trauma (his family in a 9/11 plane crash). Reduces his anxiety by remodeling his kitchen. Has tics- tendency to do things without his will.

A reliable source that confirms that the information was correct.
http://www.medicinenet.com/posttraumatic_stress_disorder/page3.htm#signs

What are the signs and symptoms of PTSD? The three groups of symptoms that are required to assign the diagnosis of PTSD are

recurrent re-experiencing of the trauma (for example, troublesome memories, flashbacks that are usually caused by reminders of the traumatic events, recurring nightmares about the trauma and/or dissociative reliving of the trauma),
avoidance to the point of having a phobia of places, people, and experiences that remind the sufferer of the trauma and a general numbing of emotional responsiveness, and
chronic physical signs of hyperarousal, including sleep problems, trouble concentrating, irritability, anger, poor concentration, blackouts or difficulty remembering things, increased tendency and reaction to being startled, and hypervigilance to threat.

Your first name: Il-jee

Starring Leonardo Dicaprio

What psychological information did they use.

The Aviator portrays the life of Howard Hughes, who suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). At the beginning of the movie, the mother of Howard Hughes (who is acted out by Leonardo Dicaprio), scrubs Howard with a soap, making him clean. She warns him of his disease saying that he is ‘not safe.’ The end of the movie end with Howard Hughes rubbing himself clean over and over again with a soap. This shows compulsive behavior. At the beginning Howard does not show serious symptoms of OCD, but as the movie progresses, he shows more signs of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior. Scene show him haunted by the threat of ‘microbial infections’ from his environment and food. At the ending scene, after Howard becomes the richest man in the world, Howard goes into the restroom, rubs himself clean with a soap, and looks at the dark mirror, looks at his reflection and repeats the words: “The way of the future… the way of the future…”This shows compulsive behavior again.

A reliable source that confirms that the information was correct.

According to the NIMH: National Institue of Mental Health, symptoms of OCD are unwanted thoughts and 'repetitive behaviors.' Some examples of these compulsions are 'handwashing, cleaning, checking.' According to NIMH, they perform these tasks repeatedly in order to lower their anxiety. There are much more reliable information about OCD and its symptoms on this website: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml

-Elaine-

Awake (released in 2007)
This movie is about a patient, Hayden Christensen, goes into surgery but unfortunately goes through anesthesia awareness. Anesthesia awareness occurs while a patient is on the operating table. When the patient has not had enough general anesthetic or analgesic he or she will be conscience during the operation. This is related to psychology because during class we talked about anesthetic drugs. Anesthetic is a drug that causes anesthesia, or loss of sensation. During surgery the patient wakes up and is conscious. He or she might be able to feel the pain or the pressure of the surgery or even hear conversations, but cannot move because his or her body is paralyzed by the drugs. This is exactly what happens to the main character and he hears things that he doesn't really want to hear.
Source: Wikipedia.org
-Elaine-

Friends Season 6 Episode 17 (released in 2000)
This is a friends episode about Joey. He is an actor but he's not yet that popular so he doesn't earn that much money. In order to earn money a lot at once, he decides to participate in many medical research. The one that pays the most is some research relating to identical twins; only identical twins can participate. This sort of relates to psychology because many psychological research was done based on identical twins when observing nature vs. nurture. This just kind of shows how the hospitals / researchers used identical twins in order to gain some significant results.
Video was sort of messed up so I'll post the link:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19iD6a4LFj4

Source: Meyers Textbook
-Elaine-

Schizophrenia - Sonic Youth

elainel — Wed, 26 May 2010 09:51:51 CDT

Song title: Schizophrenia
Artist: Sonic Youth
Song:

Last Resort - Papa Roach

elainel — Wed, 26 May 2010 09:45:18 CDT

Title: Last Resort
Artist: Papa Roach

Song:
http://kevin95800.free.fr/Music/Papa%20Roach%20-%20Last%20Resort.mp3

Key Lyrics:
Cut my life into pieces,
This is my last resort.
Suffocation,
No breathing,
Don't give a f*** if I cut my arm bleeding.

This is my last resort.

Cut my life into pieces.
I've reached my last resort,
Suffocation,
No breathing.
Don't give a if I cut my arm bleeding.
Do you even care if I die bleeding?
Would it be wrong?
Would it be right?
If I took my life tonight?
Chances are that I might.
Mutilation out of sight,
And I'm contemplating suicide.

'Cause I'm losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me I'm fine.
Losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me I'm fine.

I never realized I was spread too thin,
Till it was too late,
And I was empty within,
Hungry,
Feeding on chaos,
And living in sin.
Downward spiral, where do I begin?
It all started when I lost my mother,
No love for myself,
And no love for another.
Searching to find a love up on a higher level.
Finding nothing but questions and devils.

'Cause I'm losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me in fine.
Losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me I'm fine.
Nothing's alright,
Nothing is fine,
I'm running and I'm crying.
I'm crying.
I'm crying.
I'm crying.
I'm crying.

I can't go on living this way.

Cut my life into pieces,
This is my last resort,
Suffocation,
No breathing,
Don't give a if I cut my arm bleeding.
Would it be wrong?
Would it be right?
If I took my life tonight,
Chances are that I might.
Mutilation out of sight,
And I'm contemplating suicide.

'Cause I'm losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me I'm fine.
Losing my sight,
Losing my mind,
Wish somebody would tell me I'm fine.
Nothing's alright,
Nothing is fine,
I'm running and I'm crying.

I can't go on living this way.

Can't go on.
Living this way.
Nothing's alright.

Psychological Meaning:
The lyrics are pretty clear. The person who sings this is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. He or she feels hopeless and helpless. This person's disorder is so bad that he even wants to commit suicide. Often depressed people would commit suicide. The cause of the disease seems to be lack of love, which is one cause of major depressive disorder. Some symptoms are feeling like its hard to breathe. The person says "suffocation" which sort of indicates that.
-Elaine-

Psychology Goes to Hollywood

susanpark28 — Wed, 26 May 2010 09:39:57 CDT

As you learn more and more psychology, you may notice that many movies and television shows make mistakes regarding psychology (if you find an example of correct use of psychology, post it here for points). Now you can turn your pop culture knowledge into extra credit! If you see a psychological mistake in a movie or TV show, post it here. Just provide the following information to earn a few extra homework points:

The name of the movie/show (date of release would be great, too).
What psychological information did they use.
What is wrong with the psychological information they used.
The source of the correct psychological information.
Your first name (so we know who posted it).

Example:

Movie: The Waterboy, starring Adam Sandler (1998)

I Am Sam (2001)
The movie is about a father who has mental retardation which is a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life (Myers 439). Even though he has mental retardation he tries to win the custody of her seven years old daughter. The movie reflects the father's lawyer learning about the importance of love and family throughout the relationship between the father and the daughter. Here is a short clip where the two interacts in the movie. The mental retardation is continuously carried out through the whole movie.

Psych M.D. – E

Mr.Greg — Wed, 26 May 2010 00:04:21 CDT

Editing (alphabetical): Grace

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Yunjin 2009-2010

yjkim1229 — Tue, 25 May 2010 18:42:57 CDT

INSERT YOUR FIRST NAME HERE

Wetpaint Username: YJKIM1229

What I've done to make The Neuron awesome:

MGMT - It's Working

susanpark28 — Tue, 25 May 2010 13:01:43 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

Usher - You Remind Me

susanpark28 — Tue, 25 May 2010 12:53:35 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

The Beetles - Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds

susanpark28 — Tue, 25 May 2010 12:48:44 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

Will.I.Am.-I got it from my mama

lydiaahn93 — Tue, 25 May 2010 07:53:15 CDT

Will.I.Am.-I got it from my mama

Fergie- Big Girls Don't Cry

lydiaahn93 — Tue, 25 May 2010 07:36:30 CDT

Fergie-Big Girls Don't Cry

KT Tunstall - Suddenly I see

lydiaahn93 — Tue, 25 May 2010 07:14:11 CDT

KT Tunstall-Suddenly I see